Adolesanlar kendilerine sýkýntý veren fiziksel ve emosyonel deðiþimler yaþayabilirler özellikle de üreme saðlýðýný ve sosyal yaþamýný etkileyebilen jinekolojik sorunlar yaþadýklarýnda yaþanan deðiþimler içe kapanýklýk ve güvensizlik yaratabilir. Adolesan jinekolojisi alanýndaki geliþmeler bu nüfusun bakýma gereksinimi olduðunu ve özel uzmanlýk gerektirdiðini vurgular. Adolesanlarýn üreme saðlýðý ciddi bir endiþe konusu olmuþtur, olmaya da devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle adolesanlar koruyucu saðlýk bakýmý hizmetleri yönünden önemli bir hedefdir. Adolesanlara iliþkin üreme saðlýðý sonuçlarý, cinsel iliþkinin zamanlamasý, cinsel aktivite sýklýðý, cinsel partner sayýsý, isteðe baðlý olmayan cinsel iliþki, kontrasepsiyon kullanýmý, cinsel yolla bulaþan enfeksiyon kapma, gebelik ve doðumla iliþkilidir. Ayrýca adolesanlar disfonksiyonel uterin kanama, polikistik over sendromu, amenore, mülleriyan anomaliler ve jinekolojik kanserler gibi jinekolojik sorunlar yaþayabilirler. Jinekolojik sorunlar adolesanlarýn üreme saðlýðýný olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir. Erken teþhis ve uygun tedavi bu popülasyonun gelecekteki üreme saðlýðý sonuçlarýný geliþtirebilir. Týbbi bakým verenin tarzý, kiþiliði ve tutumu adolesanlarýn týbbi bakýmýnda özellikle önemlidir. Ýlk pelvik muayene adolesanýn yaþamýnýn ileriki döneminde üreme saðlýðý bakýmýna iliþkin tutumunu etkileyebilmesi açýsýndan son derece önemlidir. Öykü, fizik muayene ve pelvik muayene aþamalarýnda adolesanýn geliþim evrelerine göre dikkatli ve anlayýþlý bir yaklaþým uygulanmalýdýr. Adolesanlarýn endiþelerine ve gereksinimlerine duyarlý bir yaklaþým, olumlu ve eðitici bir deneyim yaratmada adolesana yardýmcý olabilir. Adolesanda görülen jinekolojik sorunlarýn ve üreme saðlðý üzerine etkilerinin yeterince ele alýnmamasý ileride adolesanýn yaþamýnda önemli sorunlara özellikle fertilite isteðinde sorunlara yol açabilir. Gelecekteki üreme saðlýðý sonuçlarý açýsýndan adolesanlarda jinekolojik sorunlar dikkatle ele alýnmalý ve jinekolojik muayene yapýlýrken duyarlý bir yaklaþým sergilenmelidir. Bu derlemede adolesanda görülen jinekolojik
sorunlar, pelvik muayene yaklaþýmý, jinekolojik sorunlarýn üreme saðlýðý üzerine etkileri ve bu kadýnlarda gelecekteki fertiliteye iliþkin bilinmesi gerekenler tartýþýlmýþtýr

Adolescents may experience their distressing physical and emotional changes-especially reproductive health turer and gynecological problems that can affect the social life they live and the changes experienced withdrawal may create insecurity. Developments in the field of adolescent gynecology emphasizes that this population needs special care and expertise. Adolescent reproductive health has been the subject of serious concern and continues to be. Therefore, adolescents in terms of preventive health care services is an important aim. Reproductive health outcomes related to adolescents include the timing of sexual intercourse, frequency of sexual activity, number of sexual partners, use of contraception, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy and birth. In addition, adolescents can have gynecological problems such as dysfunctional uterine bleeding, polycystic ovary syndrome, amenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome and gynecological cancers and mullerian anomalies. Gynecological problems can adversely affect the reproductive health of adolescents. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in this population may improve the results of future reproductive health. Medical care giver‘s style, personality and attitudes are particularly important in medical care of adolescents. The first pelvic examination of adolescent can influence later period of life because attitudes related to reproductive health care is extremely important. Common gynecologic problems in adolescents and reproductive health can be adequately dealt with the effects on the lives of adolescents to significant problems in the future, especially request can lead to fertility problems. Adolescent reproductive health in terms of future can be concluded that gynecologic problems should be handled with care and sensitive approach should be displayed.

Amaç: Kalp yetersizliðinde prognozun ve tedavi seçeneklerinin belirlenmesi ayrýca tedaviye cevabýn deðerlendirilmesi için ventrikül hacim ve fonksiyonlarýnýn doðru biçimde ölçülmesi oldukça önemlidir. Son yýllarda ekokardiyografinin yetersiz kaldýðý durumlarda kardiyak manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) sol ventrikül fonksiyonlarýnýn gösterilmesinde üstünlük saðlamýþtýr. Bu çalýþmada kardiyak MRG ile ekokardiyografi karþýlaþtýrýlarak sol ventrikül fonksiyonlarýnýn deðerlendirilmesinde bu iki tetkikin uyumu ve kardiyak MRG’nin klinik yararlýlýðý araþtýrýlmýþtýr.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalýþmamýzda sol ventrikül fonksiyon bozukluðu saptanan ekokardiyografik incelemeleri yapýlmýþ 49 hastaya kardiyak MRG görüntülemesi yapýldý. Horizontal ve vertikal uzun aks referans görüntüler elde edildikten sonra duvar hareketlerini deðerlendirmek ve ventriküler volümetrik deðerleri hesaplamak için apeks ve mitral kapak arasýnda tüm sol ventrikülün kýsa aks sine görüntülenmesi yapýldý. Ayrýca tüm olgularda apeksi deðerlendirmek açýsýndan 4 odacýklý görüntüleme yapýldý. Hastalarýn MRG’de elde edilen sol ventrikül enddiastolik volüm (EDV), endsistolik volüm (ESV), stroke volüm (SV), kardiak output (CO), ejeksiyon fraksiyonu (EF) ve sol ventrikül miyokard kas kitlesi (LVM) deðerleri, ekokardiyografik olarak saptanan deðerler ile karþýlaþtýrýldý.
Bulgular: Kardiyak MRG’de EDV minimum 30, maksimum 357 (ort. 126.96±58.22) ml; ESV minimum 29, maksimum 288 (ort. 71.39±54.59) ml ölçüldü. Ekokardiografide saptanan EDV deðerleri minimum 51, maksimum 281 (ort. 126.18±50.85)ml; ESV deðerleri ise; minimum 13, maksimum 227 (ort. 64.2±42.04)ml ölçüldü. MRG ve EKO ile ölçülen EDV ve ESV deðerlerinin korele olduðu, istatistiksel olarak anlamlý fark olmadýðý görüldü (p=0.0001; p=0.0001 sýrasýyla). SV deðerleri MRG ile minimum 13, maksimum 101 (ort. 57.06±16.29)ml; EKO ile minimum 22, maksimum 108 (ort. 61.39±14.3)ml ölçüldü. CO deðerleri MRG ile minimum 1.6, maksimum 7.0 (ort. 4.63±1.34) ölçüldü. EKO ile saptanan CO deðerleri ise minimum 2.5, maksimum 10.6 (ort. 5.02±1,6)dýr. EF MRG ile minimum %16, maksimum %69 (ortalama %50±12.14); EKO ile minimum %30, maksimum %68 (ortalama %55±10.66) olarak ölçüldü. SV, CO ve EF deðerleri karþýlastýrýldaðýnda istatistiksel olarak pozitif yönde anlamlý uyum gözlenmiþtir (p=0.005; p=0.002 sýrasýyla). Sol ventrikül kitlesi (LVM) MRG’de minimum 53, maksimum 219 (ort. 104.53±33,4)gr; EKO’da ise minimum 69, maksimum 384 (ort. 172.31±76.38) gr olarak ölçüldü. Ekokardiyografik sol ventrikül kitlesi ölçümleri, kardiyak MRG ölçümlerinden anlamlý derecede yüksek bulunmuþ olup istatistiksel olarak anlamlý uyum gözlenmemiþtir.
Sonuç: Bu deðerlerin sonucuna göre sol ventrikül fonksiyonlarýnýn deðerlendirilmesinde teknik dezavantajlarýndan dolayý ekokardiyografinin yetersiz kaldýðý olgularda objektif ve doðru sonuçlar veren kardiyak MRG yöntemi tercih edilmelidir

Objective: In heart failure, effective evaluation of ventricular volumes and cardiac functions in the determination of prognosis and treatment options and response to treatment ptorocol is very important. In recent years, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is reported as superior to echocardiography in cases where echocardigraphy results are insufficient to display of left ventricular function. In this study, comparative analysis of cardiac MRI and echocardiography was performed to evaluate the left ventricular function.
Material and Methods: Our study included 49 patients who have heart failure or might have and also these patients were examined with ecocardiography before having cardiac MRI images. In our protocol, we have visualized the reference images in vertical and horizontal axes and then for determining the motion of the left ventricule wall and ejection fraction and volumetric changes of ventricles we have imaged all short axis of the left ventricule which wasperpendicular to the horizontal and vertical axes of the reference images, between apex and the mitral valves. Also, we have imaged all chambers for evaluating the apex. The patient’s parameters of MRI that included left ventricle end diastolic volume (EDV), end-sistolic volume (ESV), stoke volume (SV), cardiac output(CO), ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricle muscle mass were compared with those were recorded in ecocardiography.
Results: In cardiac MRI, EDV were recorded min. 30, max. 357 ml (mean 126.96±58.22), ESV were recorded as min. 29, max. 288 ml (mean 71.39±54.59) where as they were recorded min 51, max 281 ml (mean 126.18±50.85); min 13, max 227 ml (mean 64.2±42.04) respectively, in ecocardiography. These values were correlated both in MRI and ecocardiography and were tatistically significant (p=0.0001; p=0.0001, respectively). SV were recorded min 13, max 101 ml (mean. 57.06±16.29) in MRI and were recorded min 22, max 108 ml (mean 61.39±14.3) in ecocardiography. CO were recorded min 1.6, max 7.0 (mean 4.63±1.34) in MRI and were recorded min 2.5, max 10.6 (mean 5.02±1,6) in ecocardiography. EF were min 16%, max 69% (mean 50%±12.14) in MRI and were 30%, max 68% (mean 55%±10.66) in ecocardiography. The recordings of SV, CO and EF were correlated both in MRI and in ecocardiography and they were also statistically significant (p=0.005; p=0.002 respectively). Left ventricle muscle mass (LVM) were min 53, max 219 (mean 104.53±33,4)gr in MRI; min 69, max 384 (mean 172.31±76.38) gr in ecocardiography. These values were not correlated with MRI and ecocardiography and they were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Our study results suggested that cardiac MRI cam be an alternative way in evaluating the cases that
ecocardiography became inefficient cause of the acoustic window problems and the cases that were diagnosed
exactly

Amaç: Ultrason eþliðinde ince iðne aspirasyon biyopsisinin (ÝÝAB), parotis bezi hastalýklarýnda benignmalign ayýrýmýndaki tanýsal deðeri ve doðruluðunu belirlemek.
Yöntem: 2003-2009 yýllarý arasýnda, parotiste kitle nedeniyle baþvuran ve cerrahi tedavi öncesi ultrason eþliðinde ÝÝAB yapýlan 66 parotiste kitle vakasýnýn histopatolojik sonuçlarý retrospektif olarak incelendi. ÝÝAB’nin tanýsal bir test olarak spesifite, sensivite deðerleri hesaplandý.
Bulgular: Hastalarýn 38 tanesi (%58) erkek, 28 tanesi (%42) kadýn olup yaþ ortalamasý 48 (18-81) idi. ÝÝAB sonucu 54 hastada benign, 12 hastada malign idi. Hiç nondiagnostik olarak belirtilen ÝÝAB sonucumuz yoktu. Postoperatif patolojide 66 hastanýn 55’inde (%83) benign, 11’inde (%17) malign rapor edildi. Çalýþmamýzda yapýlan ÝÝAB’nin sensivite deðeri, spesifite deðeri, pozitif ve negatif prediktif deðeri sýrasýyla %64, %91, %58 ve %93 olarak hesaplanmýþtýr.
Sonuç: Ultrason eþliðinde ÝÝAB, preoperatif parotis kitlelerinin deðerlendirilmesinde güvenilir bir yöntemdir.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the value and accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration bipsy (FNAB) in diagnosis of parotid masses.
Material and Methods: Data from patients who were operated for parotid masses at our clinic and on who underwent preoperative ultrasound guided FNAB was analyzed retrspectively between 2003-2009. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy as a diagnostic test specificity, sensitivity values were calculated.
Results: Thirty-eight of the patients (%58) were male and 28 (%42) were female with a mean age of 48 (18-81). FNAB was benign at 54 patients and malign at 12 patients. We did not have any nondiagnostic values. Fifty-five of the 66 patients (%83) were reported as benign and 11 of the patients (%17) were reported as malign at postoperatif postoperative pathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive and negative predictive rates were %64, %91, %58, %93.
Conclusion: Ultrasound guided FNAB is a reliable method of preoperatively assessing parotid masses

Amaç: Prenatal tarama amacýyla yapýlan birinci trimester tarama testindeki maternal serum biyokimyasal belirteçlerin ve ense saydamlýðý (NT) ölçümünün fetal kromozomal anomali tespitine katkýlarýný deðerlendirmeyi amaçladýk.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ýstanbul Þiþli Etfal Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesi 2. Kadýn Hastalýklarý ve Doðum Kliniðinde Ocak 2007 - Ocak 2009 aralýðýnda 1. Trimester tarama testinde kromozom anomali riski yüksek olan 69 olguya prenatal taný amaçlý yapýlan amniyosentezlerin sonuçlarý geriye dönük olarak incelenmiþ ve yorumlanmýþtýr. NT bulgularý, 1. Trimester tarama testi sonuçlarýndaki gebelik iliþkili plazma proteini A (PAPP-A) ve serbest ß-hCG (fß-hCG) deðerleri, yaþ riski, biyokimyasal risk ve kombine risk oranlarý gibi parametrelerin kromozom anomalisi saptama oranlarý amniyosentez sonuçlarýna göre karþýlaþtýrýldý.
Bulgular: Yapýlan amniyosentez sonuçlarýna göre 69 hastadan 3’ünde (%4,2) anormal kromozomal patern saptandý. (%1,4 Trizomi 21, %1,4 15p delesyon, %1,4 INV 9-P11Q13) Anormal olan 3 olgunun tamamýnda NT≥3mm olarak deðerlendirilmiþtir. NT kalýnlýk artýþý ve kombine risk artýþý ile amniyosentez sonucunda anormal kromozomal patern saptanmasý arasýnda ileri düzeyde anlamlý bir iliþki bulundu (p<0,01). 10 olguda PAPP-A ve fß-hCG deðerlerinin her ikisi açýsýndan da risk saptanmýþ olup bu olgularýn tümünde fetal karyotip normal olarak gelmiþtir.
Sonuç: 1.Trimester tarama testinde NT kalýnlýðý artýþýnýn ve bununla baðlantýlý olarak artan kombine risk oranýnýn kromozom anomalilerini belirlemede testteki diðer parametrelere göre daha önemli olduðu gözlendi.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the contribution of first trimester screening maternal serum biochemical markers and nuchal translucency assessment in fetal chromosomal abnormality detection
Material and Methods: The data of 69 patients who had high risk for chromosomal abnormality in 1. trimester screening test and was performed genetic amniocentesis (AC) for prenatal diagnosis in Ýstanbul Þiþli Etfal Training and Research Hospital second clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between January 2007 and January 2009 was retrospectively evaluated. Nuchal translucency (NT) results, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) ve free ß-hCG (fß-hCG), age risk, biochemical risk and combined risk results gathered from 1. trimester screening test were compared for their chromosomal abnormality determining rates.
Results: 3 (4,2%) of 69 amniocentesis results were abnormal for chromosomal pattern. (1,4% Trizomi 21, 1,4% 15p delesyon, 1,4% INV 9-P11Q13) We found NT≥3 mm in all cases of chromosomal aberration. The increases in NT thickness and combined risk parameters were found to be highly statistically significant in detecting chromosomal abnormalities according to the amniocentesis results (p<0,01). Although we determined risk in PAPP-A and fß-hCG levels of 10 cases, none of them had abnormal karyotype.
Conclusion: The increases of NT thickness and combined risk in 1. trimester screening test observed as more important parameters than the other parameters of the test for determining chromosomal abnormalities.

Giriþ ve Amaç: Ýskemik inme, vasküler hasara baðlý olarak beynin belirli bir bölgesine serebral kan akýmýnýn azalmasý ile birlikte akut geliþen nörolojik bozukluk olarak tanýmlanmaktadýr. Ýskemik inme önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olup ölüm nedenleri arasýnda 3.sýrada yer almaktadýr. Tüm inmelerin yaklaþýk %80’i iskemik nedenlere baðlýdýr. Ýskemik inmelerin en sýk nedeni ise aterosklerotik plak rüptürü veya plak üzerine trombüs eklenmesidir. Ateroskleroz, ilk oluþum evrelerinden itibaren kan lipid düzeyi ile iliþkili bir süreçtir. Biz çalýþmamýzda akut iskemik inmeli hastalarda non-HDL, Total Kolesterol, HDL Kolesterol ve LDLKolesterol düzeylerini incelemeyi hedefledik.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalýþmaya Aralýk 2009 - Mayýs 2010 tarihleri arasýnda Ankara Numune Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesi Nöroloji Servisine ilk 24 saatlik akut dönemde baþvuran ve akut iskemik inme tanýsý alan 52 olgu ile 42 saðlýklý birey katýldý. Hasta ve kontrol grubunun total kolesterol, trigliserit ve HDL kolesterol düzeyleri DXC-800 otoanalizöründe (Beckman-Coulter, ABD) ölçüldü. LDL kolesterol, Total kolesterol/HDL kolesterol ve non-HDL kolesterol düzeyleri ise formüllerle hesaplandý.
Bulgular: Hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre HDL-K seviyeleri anlamlý olarak düþük (p=0.009) iken, trigliserit ve total kolesterol/HDL seviyeleri ise anlamlý olarak yüksekti (p=0.013,p=0.018). Total kolesterol, LDL ve non-HDL kolesterol seviyelerinde gruplar arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý farklýlýk yoktu. Non-HDL kolesterol düzeyi ile trigliserit, total kolesterol ve LDL kolesterol arasýnda anlamlý korelasyon bulunurken (sýrasýyla r=0.468, r=0.964, r=0.851) (sýrasýyla p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001), HDL kolesterol ile anlamlý korelasyon yoktu.
Sonuç: Akut iskemik inmede önemli risk faktörü olan aterosklerozun patogenezinde rol oynayan dislipidemik süreçte, total kolesterol, non-HDL kolesterol ve LDL kolesterol düzeyleri açýsýndan anlamlý bir farklýlýk bulunmadýðý fakat trigliserit ve total kolesterol/HDL kolesterol ve HDL kolesterol düzeyinin anlamlý bir farklýlýk bulunduðu sonucuna varýlmýþtýr.

Objective: Ischemic stroke is defined as acute neurological disorder according to cerebral vascular damage and reduced blood flow to a particular region of the brain. Ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and placed 3rd among the causes of death. About 80% of all strokes depend on ischemic cause. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture or addition of a thrombus on plaque is the most common cause of ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis is associated with the level of blood lipids from the first stages of the formation process. In our study, we aimed to investigate non-HDL, total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Methods: This study was performed in 52 patients who were admitted at Ankara Numune Hospital for Education and Investigation, Division of Neurology between December 2009- May 2010 with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke in the first 24 hours and 48 healthy individuals matched for age and gender, who was admitted at the hospital during the same period. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels were measured by DXC 800 autoanalyzer (Beckmann-Coulter, USA). LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels were calculated according to the formulas.
Results: Patient group had significantly lower HDL-C levels than the control group (p=0.009), whereas the triglyceride and total cholesterol / HDL-C levels were significantly higher (p=0.013, p=0.018). Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels did not differ significantly between groups. There were significant correlations between non-HDL-cholesterol levels and triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (respectively r=0.468, r=0.964, r=0.851) (respectively p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001), and there was not a statistically significant correlation between non –HDL -cholesterol and HDL cholesterol.
Conclusion: Dyslipidemia process plays a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which is an important risk factor for acute ischemic stroke. In our study, in terms of total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, there was not a significant difference but triglyceride, total cholesterol / HDL-cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels were found to be significantly different.

Amaç: Akut bronþiyolit, en sýk 2 yaþýndan küçük çocuklarda görülen, daha çok viral etkenlerin neden olduðu bronþiyollerin obstrüksiyonu ile karakterize akut alt solunum yolu hastalýðýdýr. Atopi ve diðer genetik faktörler de virüsün uyardýðý hýþýltý geliþiminde hazýrlayýcý bir rol oynayabilir. Bu çalýþmada, hýþýltý ataklarý ile anne, baba, kardeþler haricindeki uzak akrabalarda atopi ve astým hikayesi, evde toz ve/veya rutubet bulunmasý arasýndaki iliþkiyi araþtýrdýk.
Yöntem: Bu çalýþma Haziran 2009 ile Haziran 2011 tarihleri arasýnda, Çocuk Saðlýðý ve Hastalýklarý Kliniði’ne baþvurup ilk atak bronþiyolit tanýsý alan hastalarda prospektif olarak yapýldý. Her hastanýn yaþý, cinsiyeti, anne, baba, kardeþ dýþý ailede atopi, astým öyküsü, evde tozlu rutubetli ortam maruziyeti sorgulandý.
Bulgular: Çalýþmaya 1-24 ay arasý ilk atak akut bronþiyolit tanýsý alan toplam 500 infant dahil edildi. Hastalarýn %20,2’sinin (n=101) ailesinde (anne, baba, kardeþ dýþý) atopi, astým mevcuttu. Hane özellikleri incelendiðinde %27’sinde (n=135) tozlu rutubetli ortam bulundu. Ýnfantlarýn 3 ve üzeri tekrarlayan hýþýltý ataðý geçirme oranlarýna bakýldýðýnda, tozlu rutubetli ortamda yaþayan hastalarýn %92.6’sýnýn, tozlu-rutubetli ortamda yaþamayan hastalarýn %65.2’sinin 3 ve üzeri atak geçirdiði tespit edildi. Anne, baba, kardeþ dýþý atopi öyküsü olan infantlarýn %91.1’inde tekrarlayan hýþýltý ataðý görülürken, olmayan infantlarýn %67.9’unda görüldü.
Sonuç: Biz çalýþmamýzda, anne, baba ve kardeþ dýþý aile bireylerinde astým ve/veya atopi öyküsü bulunmasý ile tekrarlayan hýþýltý ataklarý arasýnda anlamlý iliþki saptadýk. Tozlu ve/veya rutubetli ortam maruziyeti de tekrarlayan hýþýltý ataklarý için önemli bir risk faktörüdür.

Objective: Acute bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract infection of children under 2 years of age, characterized by bronchial obstruction. Atopy and genetic factors can play a predisposing role in the development of virus-related wheezing. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between recurrent wheezing attacks and the presence of atopy/asthma in relatives other than father, mother, siblings, and the presence of dust and/or moisture in the house.
Methods: This study was performed prospectively with infants diagnosed as first attack bronchiolitis from the outpatient clinics from 2009 to 2011. Each patients’ age, sex, the presence of atopy/asthma in relatives other than father, mother, siblings, and the presence of dust and/or moisture in the house was evaluated.
Results: The study included 500 infants aged between 1-24 months. Atopy and/or asthma was present in 20,2% (n=101) of relatives other than father, mother and siblings. Dust and/or moisture was present in 27% (n=135) of houses. When we compared the characteristics of infants, 92.6% of infant living in dust/moisture in the house, 65.2% of infants with no dust/moisture in the house, 91.1% of infants with family history of atopy/asthma in relatives other than mother, father, siblings, 67.9% with no family history had ≥3 episodes of wheezing.
Conclusion: In this study we found a significant relationship between recurrent episodes of wheezing and the presence of atopy/asthma in relatives other than father, mother, siblings. Presence of dust and/or moisture in the house is also a risk factor for recurrent episodes of wheezing.

Amaç: Radyolojik olarak görüntülenebilen beyin demir birikimi, multipl skleroz (MS) patogenezinde rol oynayabilmektedir. Bu çalýþmada MS hastalarýnda derin gri cevher yapýlarýndaki demir içeriðinin kontrol grubu ile karþýlaþtýrýlmasý ve demir birikiminin dizabilite ile iliþkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
Yöntem: Çalýþmaya 24 MS hastasý (ortalama [±SS] 37.17±8.6 yaþ) ve hastalarla yaþ bakýmýndan benzer daðýlým gösteren 10 kontrol (ortalama [±SS] 37.6±12.6 yaþ) dahil edildi. MS hastalarýnýn “Expanded disability status scale” (EDSS) skorlarý hesaplandý. Tüm bireyler için kranial manteik rezonans görüntüleme gradyan eko (GE) sekansýnda; kaudat nukleus, putamen, globus pallidus, talamus, substantia
nigra ve red nukleus yapýlarýna “regions-of-interest” (ROIs) uygulanarak sinyal yoðunluðu ölçüldü.
Bulgular: Derin gri cevher sinyal yoðunluðu, ölçüm yapýlan tüm anatomik bölgeler için, MS hastalarýnda kontrol grubuna oranla düþük bulundu. Talamus (p<0.05) ve red nukleusta (p<0.01) bu farkýn istatistiksel olarak anlamlý olduðu görüldü.
Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular; MS hastalarýnda patolojik demir birikimini desteklemekte, GE sekansýnýn bu yöndeki tespit ve izlem için uygun olduðunu düþündürmektedir.

Objective: Iron accumulation in brain which can be imaged radiologically may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. This study’s aim is to compare iron content in the deep gray matter regions between MS patients and controls and to examine the relation of iron accumulation with disability.
Method: Twenty four MS patients (mean age [±SD] 37.17±8.6 years) and 10 control subjects (mean age [±SD] 37.6±12.6 years) were included in the study. The expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores among MS patients were recorded. Signal intensities in the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, substantia nigra and red nucleus were measured for all individuals by placing regions of interests (ROIs) on cranial Gradient Echo (GE) magnetic resonance imaging sequence.
Results: Deep gray matter signal intensity was found lower in MS patients compared to the control group for all anatomic regions that measured. It was seen that this difference reached statistically significant levels for the thalamus (p<0.05) and red nucleus (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Reports obtained from patients with MS purport pathological accumulation of iron and GE sequence can be a reliable method to define and monitor it.

Amaç: Bazý deri hastalýklarý artmýþ alkol tüketimi ile iliþkilidir. Amacýmýz farklý deri hastalýklarýnda alkol kullanýmýnýn artýp artmadýðý ve baðýmlýlýk düzeyine gelip gelmediðini sorgulamak ayrýca hastalýk ile alkol tüketimi arasýndaki iliþkiyi deðerlendirmekti.
Yöntem: Psikiyatrik komorbiditesi olan ve psikodermatolojik hastalýk tanýsý alan 100 hasta (psöriazis, akne, kronik ürtiker, psikojenik pruritus, alopesi areata) ve kontrol grubu olarak psikiyatrik komorbiditesi olmayan psikodermatolojik hastalýk dýþýnda kronik dermatozu olan 60 hasta ve 74 saðlýklý birey çalýþmaya alýnarak, tüm katýlýmcýlara sosyodemografik özellikleri, hastalýk öyküsü, alkol kullaným süresi ve deri hastalýðý-alkol kullaným iliþkisini sorgulamayý amaçlayan anket formu ve Michigan Alkolizm Tarama Testi (MATT) dolduruldu. Veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi, p<0.05 anlamlý kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Araþtýrmaya katýlan 234 bireyin sadece 35’i (%14,9) günlük hayatýnda alkol kullanýyordu. Alkol kullaným oraný psikiyatrik komorbiditenin eþlik ettiði psikodermatolojik hastalýk grubunda %18 (n: 18), kronik dermatozu olan hasta grubunda %8,3 (n: 5), normal popülasyonda ise %16,2 (n: 12) saptandý, aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlý deðildi (p=0,236). Araþtýrmaya katýlan gruplar arasýnda MATT puaný açýsýndan istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir farklýlýk tespit edilmedi (p=0.075). Hastalýk-alkol tüketimi arasýndaki iliþki ise alkol kullaným oranýn düþük olmasýndan dolayý deðerlendirilemedi.
Sonuç olarak psikososyal morbidite ile iliþkili dermatolojik hastalýðý olan hastalar, diðer kronik dermatozu olan hastalara ve saðlýklý bireylere oranla daha fazla alkol kullanmýyordu. Bununla birlikte farklý sosyokültürel etkiler nedeniyle daha belirleyici sonuçlar için geniþ ölçekli ve çok merkezli çalýþmalara gereksinim vardýr.

Objective: Certain skin diseases have been associated with increased alcohol consumption. Our aim was to investigate whether alcohol use and addiction have any effect on dermatologic diseases and relationship between alcohol consumption and cutaneous disease.
Method: A total of 100 patients with psychiatric comorbidity and diagnosed with psychodermatologic disease (psoriasis, acne, chronic uticaria, psychogenic pruritus, alopecia areata), 60 patients with chronic dermatosis and 74 healthy subjects were enrolled to this study. They were given a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, the history of the disease, the questions aimed to examine relationship between alcohol use and cutaneous disease, and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). All data were assessed statistically.
Results: The ratio of alcohol consumption in our study population was 14,9%. The prevalence percentages of alcohol usage in the group of psychodermatologic diseases, in the group of chronic diseases and normal population were 18%, 8,3% and 16,2% respectively. This difference between the groups was not significant statistically (p=0.236). In terms of MAST score, the difference between the groups was not significant statistically (p=0.075). However, the relationship between alcohol and skin disease could not been evaluated because of the rate of alcohol use was low.
Conclusion: Patients with dermatologic diseases associated with psychosocial morbidity did not consume more alcohol than patients with other chronic diseases and normal population. However, because of different sociocultural effects, there is a need of broad-scale and multicenter studies for more determinative results.

Jejunoileal divertikülozis nadir görülen bir rahatsýzlýktýr ve hastalýðýn seyri çoðunlukla asemptomatiktir. Nadiren de akut komplikasyonlarla karþýmýza çýkmaktadýr. Bu olgu sunumunda daha önce iki kez divertikül perforasyonu hikâyesi olan ve akut karýn semptomlarýyla acil servise baþvuran, karýn eksplorasyonunda divertikülit bulgularý olan 26 yaþýnda erkek hasta sunulmaktadýr.

Jejunoileal diverticulosis is a rare disorder and frequently has asymptomatic progression. It is rarely presented with acute complications. In this case report we are presenting a 26 year old man administered to emergency department with acute abdomen symptoms who had diverticular perforation history for two times and diverticulitis finding in abdominal exploration.

Jüvenil granuloza hücreli tümörler (JGHT) overin malign seks kord stromal tümörlerindendir. Granuloza hücreli tümörlerin sadece %5 kadarýný oluþturur. Gebelikle birlikte bildirilmiþ oldukça az sayýda JGHT olgusu tanýmlanmýþtýr. JGHT’de yüksek mitotik aktivite ve nükleer atipi nadiren görülse de prognozu çok iyidir. Biz burada gebelik sýrasýnda 17 cm çapýnda sað adneksiyel kitlesi olan ve unilateral salpingooferektomi ile tedavi edilen 20 yaþýnda bir jüvenil granuloza hücreli tümör olgusunu inceledik ve bu nadir görülen vakanýn prognozunu ve takibini literatür eþliðinde sunmayý amaçladýk.

Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumors (JGCT) are the one of the malignant ovarian tumors of sex cordstromal origin. Only 5% of granulosa cell tumors are JGCT. There are only a few reported cases of JGCT during pregnancy. JGCT has a good prognosis although it has rarely high mitotic activity and nuclear atipy. Here we reported a case JGCT case with JGCT diagnosed during pregnancy. She was 20-yearold and had a mass in the right adnexial region 17 cm in size. She was performed unilateral salphingoopherectomy. We discussed the prognosis and follow-up of this rare phenomenon in the contrast of the literature.